Map by N. This is the second state which added Fort Kasimier. For more on this and similar maps see The Maps of Bert Twaalfhoven on this site. Welcome to New Netherland. If you are a first-time visitor, you are about to enter a lost world. Then again, you may soon discover that you've been here before. New Netherland developed into a culturally diverse and politically robust settlement.
This diversity was fostered by Dutch respect for freedom of conscience. Furthermore, under Dutch rule, women enjoyed legal, civil, and economic rights denied their British counterparts in New England and Virginia.
Towns within New Netherland were granted the protections and privileges of self-government. New Amsterdam, thus, became the first European-style chartered city in the thirteen original colonies that would comprise the United States. With Mussolini deposed from power and the earlier collapse of the fascist government in July, Gen.
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Although the U. The Patriots To the north a few families were left at the mouth of the Connecticut River, while to the south some families were settled at Burlington Island on the Delaware River. Later in and through six additional ships sailed for New Netherland with colonists, livestock and supplies. It soon became clear the northern and southern outposts were untenable and had to be abandoned.
Also, due to a war between the Mohawk and Mahican tribes in , the women and children at Fort Orange were forced to move to safety. At this point, in the spring of , the Director General of the company, Peter Minuit, came to the province. Possibly motivated to erect a safe haven for the families forced to leave Fort Orange, at some point between May 4 and June 26, , Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Indians for some 60 guilders worth of trinkets.
He immediately started the construction of Fort New Amsterdam under the direction of the company engineer Cryn Fredericksz. Because of the dangers and hardships of life in the new land some colonists decided to return to the homeland in By the total population of New Netherland was about , many being French-speaking Walloons. It is estimated about lived in the area surrounding Fort Amsterdam, primarily working as farmers, while about 30 were at Fort Orange, the center of the Hudson valley fur trade with the Mohawks.
New Netherland was a company-owned and -operated business, run on a for profit basis by the directors of the West India Company. The intent of the firm was to make a profit for the investors who had purchased shares in the company.
WIC paid skilled individuals, as doctors and craftsmen, to move to New Netherland and also sent over and paid soldiers for military protection of the settlements; the company also built forts and continually sent over provisions for the settlers.
All the New Netherland positions one would usually consider government or public service jobs were, in fact, company jobs held by WIC employees. Laws were made by the company-appointed Director General in the province with the consent of the company directors in Amsterdam; even the New Netherland provincial treasury was actually the company treasury.
All taxes, fines and trading profits went to the company and the company paid the bills. Basically the company profit was whatever was left after expenses had been paid it should be noted expenses included ample salaries for the Amsterdam directors. WIC soon discovered the expenses associated with establishing and expanding a new colony were considerable. In order to increase their profit margin the company sought to find what might be thought of as subcontractors.
The first attempt at partnerships was the Patroonship plan. The Patroonship plan was first conceived in as a way to attract more settlers without increasing company expenses. Under the plan a Patroon would be granted a large tract of land and given the rights to the land as well as legal rights to settle all non-capital cases, quite similar to a manorial lord.
In return the Patroon would agree to bring over settlers and colonize the land at his own expense. No one accepted a Patroonship under these conditions because the lucrative fur and fishing trades were left as a monopoly of the company.
One of the most prominent Amsterdam merchants and a principle shareholder in the Dutch West India Company, Kiliaen van Rensselear, had the plan modified. In the revised plan issued on June 7, , the terms were much more favorable: colonization requirements were less stringent, the allocation of land to the Patroon was larger and there were broad jurisdictional rights over the colonists.
Additionally Patroons were allowed to trade with New England and Virginia and, most importantly, they were allowed to engage in both the fur trade, subject to a company tax of one guilder per pelt, and could participate in the fish trade. In , with the more favorable terms in place, Kiliaen van Rensselear became Patroon to the largest and most lucrative fur trading area in New Netherland, that is, the area along the Hudson River near Fort Orange, which he named the colony of Rensselaerswyck.
Under the Patroonship plan New Netherland continued to expand with more colonists and settlements taking hold. The colony of Rensselaerswyck encompassing the western area beyond the Esopus and up to but not including Beverwyck and Fort Orange and adjacent areas was the center of the fur trade, while New Amsterdam was the shipping hub for Dutch traders.
The northern border of New Netherland was not well defined but was taken to be the Connecticut River, which they called the Fresh River. Based on this border the Dutch felt they had a claim to New Haven and southern Connecticut; this was clarified at a convention in Hartford in September of limiting the Dutch to the territory west of Greenwich Bay similar to the present day border NY-CT border.
They also established a whaling village on the southern shore of Delaware Bay called Swanendael Valley of the Swans near what is now Lewes, Delaware; although the village was soon destroyed in an Indian raid. New Netherland settlers did not come to America because of religious or political persecution, nor were they destitute.
They came with the hope of making money. The majority were single males, primarily tradesmen or farmers. The West India Company negotiated to bring these people over because the company felt they would be useful in building an economy that would turn a profit for the company. Also, these individuals felt this was an opportunity whereby they could make their fortune.
The West India Company provided cattle, horses, provisions and land to farmers.
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