Revolution enters the bloodstream through the skin, where it penetrates the tissues to prevent heartworm disease and treat any hookworm or roundworm infections. It also distributes from the blood and tissues to provide protection from fleas, flea eggs and ear mites. In controlled laboratory studies, more than 98 percent of fleas were killed within a hour period. Clinical field studies showed that monthly use of Revolution provided more than 90 percent control of flea infestations within 30 days of the application.
However, if there are fleas in your carpet, bedding or outside, they will still jump on kitty until the flea cycle is complete. Plan on washing bedding, vacuuming and applying a flea product to the inside and outside of your home. Don't worry about cat scratches because the application is easy. Revolution works well in preventing heartworm in cats. It must be applied on a monthly basis to prevent heartworm disease.
It should be applied year round or at least within one month after your cats first exposure to mosquitoes and monthly thereafter until the end of the mosquito season. Revolution may be safely applied to heartworm infeceted cats, however, it is recommended in accordance with good veterinary practice, that all cats over 6 months of age be tested for existing heartworm infections before beginning medication with Revolution.
Using monthly will treat any subsequent ear mite infestations. As well as using Revolution, cleansing of the infested ears is recommended to remove the debris. A single treatment of Revolution should clear any hookworms and roundworms the cat may have. Revolution will treat Notoedric mange in cats, but again has not been officially approved for this parasite.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology in reviewed the use of "Macrocyclic Lactones in the Treatment and Control of Parasitism in Small Companion Animals" exploring the emerging off-label use of these drugs including Selamectin against different parasite species and in exotic and atypical pet species.
Revolution flea control kills adult fleas present on the body of the host dog or cat. It also kills flea larvae present in the environment of the host animal and greatly reduces the viability of flea eggs.
Fleas and their larvae are killed through consumption of the insecticide. The effects of Revolution flea control have mainly been studied using various strains of the cat and dog and ferret flea species, Ctenocephalides Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis.
This is because these species of flea are common, because they breed and grow rapidly in a laboratory setting making them easy to study and because the cat flea in particular is considered to be one of the major parasite pests affecting pets and humans worldwide.
Many other studies have been done that support such claims. A study published in Parasites and Vectors in looked at the efficacy of Selamectin against the KS1 strain of Ctenocephalides.
The cats were infested with fleas 2 days before the Revolution flea control was administered at label doses and then fleas were applied to the treated animals weekly for 4 doses. Flea counts were taken at 12 and 24 and 48 hours after fleas were reintroduced to the treated animals. A article in Veterinary Parasitology examined the effects of Selamectin on adult and immature flea stages in dogs and cats. In previous sections of this webpage I have mentioned that the bioavailability of topical selamectin is higher in cats than dogs with much greater plasma levels achieved more quickly.
It is important to understand that Revolution flea control is initially slower than some other flea control products, but not by much it does take at least hours for significant flea kills to occur. This is shown in a article published in Veterinary Parasitology, which compared the speed of kill and percentage of flea kill between five of the major flea control products on the market at that time Nitenpyram, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Selamectin and Cythioate.
The results for Nitenpyram were most impressive. Cythioate used on cats only in the study showed a Selamectin used on dogs only in the study showed a It should be mentioned that Selamectin was not tested on cats in this study, however, it is expected that the speed of flea kill would have been quicker in this species. In dogs, Fipronil showed a Imidacloprid in cats showed only a The speed of flea kill does tend to wane during the month following dosing with Revolution flea control as it does for all three major topical preparations prescribed by vets.
A study published in Veterinary Therapeutics demonstrated this. Fleas were re-introduced to the study cats at day 7 to mimic a reinfestation event and all three formulations showed a similar effect, with a At day 21 and then again at day 28, more fleas were introduced and there was no appreciable kill of those fleas within 6 hours.
Another study published in Parasites and Vectors in looked at the efficacy of Selamectin against the KS1 strain of Ctenocephalides. Fipronil, in contrast, only achieved an Of the three, selamectin seemed to maintain its effect the best and have the highest residual activity. A study published in Veterinary Record looked at a similar thing. Animals were dosed with either selamectin, fipronil or imidacloprid and flea populations were re-introduced at days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 following dosing.
The study showed no appreciable difference between the three products. Revolution flea control improves in efficacy with monthly use: Quite a few studies have been done whereby Revolution is given to animals monthly over several doses. These studies show that, while Revolution achieves a good effect against fleas e.
A study in Veterinary Therapeutics examined the efficacy of Revolution flea control Selamectin insecticide using dogs and cats from single and multiple animal households. A study published in Veterinary Parasitology examined the effect of selamectin on fleas in a simulated, carpeted home environment.
Fleas were applied to dogs and cats 3 - 4 weeks before the selamectin was dosed to give them time to breed and multiply to large numbers within the house environment. The aim of the study was to see how well the selamectin would perform in a simulated 'real life' infestation not just in a lab.
The animals were treated with three monthly doses. A study published in Veterinary Therapeutics compared the efficacy of Spinosad and Selamectin. The animals were divided into two groups and given monthly doses of one of the flea control medications for 3 treatments as per label instructions. Another article in Veterinary Parasitology examined the effectiveness and safety of Revolution flea control when used against both fleas and heartworms.
Some of the animals studied had pre-existing signs of flea allergy dermatitis FAD. Similar to the situation described in the study in Veterinary Therapeutics, the efficacy of flea kill was found to be initially high, but also to improve with subsequent monthly dosing with The signs of flea allergy dermatitis were also observed to improve greatly with selamectin dosing and, with regard to heartworm, dogs were placed in heartworm endemic areas and given Revolution prophylaxis and none were found to have developed heartworm positive tests over 6 months of treatment.
Just over animals dogs and cats were studied in this test, ranging from 6 weeks to 19 years of age and no serious adverse reactions were seen. Fleas are still highly susceptible to Revolution flea control resistance has not yet developed : It is important that the fleas are not resistant to the flea control product you are using, otherwise no fleas will be killed by it.
Since Revolution flea control has been around awhile and is used so heavily, one would expect fleas to now be developing resistance to the product. Incredibly, though, this has not occurred. What does Revolution flea medication do to immature flea stages eggs, larvae, cocoons : Revolution flea control kills flea larvae in the environment.
Flea larvae in the host animal's environment become poisoned when dander skin flakes or flea feces their natural diet coated with selamectin drop into the environment from the host animal's skin. The flea larva consumes the insecticide through actual consumption of the treated dander or flea faeces. Revolution also renders flea eggs non-viable. The study also looked at the effect of medicated dander and debris shed into the environment by treated pets.
Flea eggs and larvae were incubated on the dander and debris flea feces, pet hair, scales taken from treated dogs. How does Revolution flea control affect adult flea feeding times? The study found that, of the products studied, only Nitenpyram Capstar and topical Selamectin Revolution for pets caused significant reduction in blood consumption by fleas. An early effect of macrocyclic lactone toxicity in parasites is to inhibit feeding and this is borne out by this study.
Reducing flea feeding times makes Revolution flea control highly useful in animals suffering flea allergy dermatitis and helpful in the prevention of flea-transmitted diseases. Revolution flea control can help rid a house of an established flea infestation as well as prevent new fleas from infesting a 'clean' house: A study published in Veterinary Parasitology examined the effect of selamectin on fleas in a simulated, carpeted home environment.
These results show that Revolution is capable of controlling flea infestations on pets even if they come from homes with established flea populations.
It is expected that such houses will soon become free of fleas if Revolution is continued monthly. Another aspect of the study examined the effectiveness of selamectin at preventing a suitable home environment from becoming infested with fleas e. Fleas were added to the coats of dogs and cats 24 hours and again 7 days after Revolution flea control was given and the animals were returned to the carpeted home environment. Revolution for cats and dogs is only officially labeled to kill certain species of mites, lice and ticks in dogs and cats.
Off-label use, however, is common with Revolution and it has been used on a wide range of tick, lice and mite species with variable success. The mites and ticks Revolution flea control is registered to treat: Revolution flea control is registered to treat Sarcoptic mange Sarcoptes scabiei , Otodectic mange Otodectes cynotis and the tick, Dermacentor variabilis. In some of these situations, a single dose of Revolution flea control will result in a complete cure, but in other cases, two or three monthly doses of Revolution may be needed for complete resolution.
Revolution for pets is considered a drug of first choice for Sarcoptic mange sometimes only a single treatment is needed, though 2 doses a month apart are generally given and I have had excellent results with it personally I have also treated ferrets with it and had no issues and good mange resolution. Cats with ear mites seem to respond really well to Revolution for pets too often only a single dose is needed, as opposed to dogs who often need two doses to treat ear mites. Pfizer suggests that debris may still be present in the ears of animals with ear mites even after the mites have gone so it is recommended that ears be gently cleaned once the mites have been cured to remove the debris.
In the case of ticks, Pfizer suggests giving a second dose two weeks after the first dose in situations of heavy tick infestation to provide a fast knock-down. Monthly dosing can then resume. Articles confirming the success of Revolution flea control in treating indicated parasites: A Pfizer article in in Veterinary Parasitology looked at the effectiveness of Revolution flea control in dogs naturally affected with Sarcoptic mange.
The efficacy was assessed by doing mite counts which is a little imprecise, given how difficult Sarcoptic mange is to scrape at the best of times and also by assessing clinical improvement which is a good way of assessing effect. A Pfizer article in in Veterinary Parasitology looked at the effectiveness of Revolution flea control in dogs and cats naturally affected with Otodectic mange ear mites. Cats were given the treatment only once and dogs were treated either once or given a second dose at day The different dosing is probably because a lot of studies show that ear mites in cats generally only need a single dose to resolve, whereas dogs seem to sometimes need a second dose.
The efficacy was assessed by doing mite counts and also by assessing clinical improvement. Another large study was done by the same company in and published in the August edition of Veterinary Parasitology. It looked at the efficacy of selamectin on dogs and cats with naturally acquired infestations of ear mites dogs and cats or sarcoptic mange dogs only. Cats were given only a single dose, but dogs received two doses at days 0 and Selamectin was found to be an effective treatment.
In , Veterinary Parasitology looked at the efficacy of topical Selamectin in cats naturally infested with ear mites Otodectes cynotis. These results show that a single dose may be all that is needed to treat cats for ear mites though it is safe to give the second, monthly dose.
A similar study was published in Germany in in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, looking at the efficacy of topical Selamectin in 16 cats naturally infested with ear canker Otodectes cynotis. Animals were treated with a single dose of topical Revolution the Stronghold brand as it is called in this country at All cats tolerated the treatment well there were no adverse effects noted, including local dermal effects and all were negative for mites by days 14 and 28 after dosing.
All showed clinical improvement and resolution as well. A second dose if it wasn't given or even a third monthly dose of Revolution was probably indicated to get a cure in these cases. A study in Veterinary Parasitology looked at the effectiveness of selamectin against two tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis of dogs. The Dermacentor variabilis ticks were also weighed in one version of the study to see how much engorgement blood feeding they'd managed to take in before dying selamectin was found to reduce flea feeding.
Ticks were said to be well controlled for 2 weeks after each treatment. The study showed that monthly Revolution flea control would certainly help to control both species of tick, as per the label with Dermacentor anyway , though it would seem that even more exceptional control might be achieved if the product was given 2-weekly, at least for the first couple of doses, anyway.
Aside from the labeled indications, the article reports that Selamectin will also treat notoedric mange, nasal mites Pneumonyssoides caninum , the mite that causes "walking dandruff" in cats, dogs and rabbits Cheyletiella spp. The article reports that Revolution for pets is largely ineffective against Demodectic mange in cats or dogs. The following paragraphs are studies showing the off-label use of selamectin against a range of mite types in a range of animal species. Fur mites in mice: The Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science studied the use of selamectin for the treatment of mouse fur mites Myocoptes musculinus in Mice were treated with either Selamectin or Moxidectin and, though the results were thought to be faster with the Moxidectin no adult mites found within 1 month and no egg-casings from 2 months on than with selamectin no adult mites found within 1 month and no egg-casings from 6 months on , both were found to be effective and safe.
The study also incorporated cage changing as part of the treatment regimen putting animals in clean, fresh cages after each treatment to reduce the chances of mice picking up eggs from the environment. Fur mites in rabbits: The Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science studied the use of selamectin for the treatment of rabbit fur mites Leporacarus gibbus in , comparing it with an imidacloprid plus permethrin solution Advantix.
Cheyletiella walking dandruff in cats: The Canadian Veterinary Journal looked at the efficacy of Revolution flea control at treating natural infestations of cheyletiellosis in 15 cats.
Three doses of Revolution for cats 45mg vial were given monthly and clinical signs resolved by day 60 with no recurrence noted when the cats were rechecked a year later. No side effects were noted in the cats. Cheyletiella walking dandruff in rabbits: In , Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica looked at the effectiveness of Selamectin and Ivermectin against rabbit cheyletiellosis Cheyletiella.
The study shows that injectable ivermectin not oral and topical Selamectin both show promise for this condition.
A more-precise study on selamectin's effectiveness at treating rabbit cheyletiellosis was published in in Veterinary Dermatology. All rabbits resolved and were found negative for mites and eggs. No side effects were noted in treated rabbits. Ear mites ear canker in rabbits: The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association in looked at the effectiveness and safety of spot-on selamectin in the treatment of rabbits with natural infestations of rabbit ear mites Psoroptes cuniculi , otherwise known as ear canker.
All treated rabbits were found to be free of mites from day 7 onwards and no clinical side effects were observed. In , Veterinary Dermatology looked at the effectiveness of Selamectin in treating naturally-acquired infestations of psoroptic mange ear mites and sarcoptic mite Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in rabbits. Improvement was ascertained using both mite scrapes looking for mites or eggs and through the assessment of clinical signs.
Both types of mites were found to be significantly reduced after this treatment, compared to control groups, suggesting that Selamectin would be effective for rabbits infested with such mites.
Mange in guinea pigs: The International Journal for Parasitology in looked at an outbreak of guinea pig mange mite Trixacarus caviae in an animal petting facility in Japan. Selamectin was given topically at doses of A single dose was given and the guinea pigs resolved, however, a second outbreak occurred soon after suggesting that some animals may have remained carriers after the last treatment.
The Selamectin was therefore given twice on days 0 and 28 at lower doses than initially used Nasal mites in dogs: In , the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association published a study on the treatment of canine nasal mites Pneumonyssoides caninum using selamectin. All treated dogs were 'cured' of their mites except that in order to determine this for sure, the animals were euthanased and post-mortemed for this study.
The animals had presented for sneezing and nasal itching. The two dogs both recovered with Selamectin. I have personally seen a case of nasal mite in a labrador in Sydney, which also resolved with macrocyclic lactone therapy Ivermectin.
Skin mites in canaries: The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences in published a study on the treatment of canaries naturally infected with chicken or poultry mite Dermanyssus gallinae in Three types of macrocyclic lactone drugs were trialled, including ivermectin, selamectin, and moxidectin and all three were found to be equally effective at removing mite infestations in affected birds.
Revolution flea control will not treat Demodex very well: In , Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica looked at the treatment of Demodex gatoi , a contagious form of demodectic mite which lives outside of the hair follicles of feline pets and causes intense itchiness in cats.
Off-label use of Revolution flea control in the treatment of ticks: Revolution is only licensed to prevent the tick: Dermacentor variabilis. The following paragraphs are studies showing the off-label use of selamectin against a range of tick types in a range of animal species with variable results. Dog ticks: A study in Veterinary Parasitology looked at the effectiveness of selamectin against two tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis of dogs.
The Dermacentor variabilis ticks were also weighed in one version of the study to see how much engorgement blood feeding they'd managed to take in before dying. Rabbits were given the Selamectin at day 0 and at days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 were exposed to adult, nymph and larval ticks. The results show that Selamectin may be very useful at preventing rabbits from being infested with this species of tick, but that, in heavy environmental tick burdens with repeated risk of reinfestation, rabbits may need to be dosed 2-weekly to remain tick free.
Revolution flea control will not work on Ixodes ticks: An article in Veterinary Therapeutics in looked at the efficacy of Selamectin against Ixodes ricinus , a major tick vector of Lyme disease in Europe. This study has implications for Australia where the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus is a huge problem on the East coast.
Selamectin is not considered to be a useful protectant against this species of tick and is not marketed as such. Off-label use of Revolution flea control in the treatment of lice: Revolution is not licensed to treat lice. The following paragraphs are studies showing the off-label use of selamectin against a range of lice types in dogs and cats with good results.
Dog lice: In , the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association looked at the effectiveness of selamectin against natural infestations of sucking lice in dogs Linognathus setosus.
The animals were given a single dose of Revolution flea control at just above label doses 7. In , Veterinary Record looked at the effectiveness of selamectin against biting lice in dogs and cats Trichodectes canis and Felicola subrostratus respectively.
Cat lice: In , Veterinary Record looked at the effectiveness of selamectin against biting lice in dogs and cats Trichodectes canis and Felicola subrostratus respectively. Off-label use of Revolution flea control in the treatment of nasal bots Oestrus ovis in cats:: A case study published in the Australian Veterinary Journal investigated a case of nasal bot fly seen in a cat.
The cat presented with nasal signs and sneezing. It resolved within 3 weeks after treatment with ivermectin and selamectin. Revolution for dogs and cats is used to prevent animals from catching heartworm. It does this by effectively killing the stage 3 larvae L3 that are inoculated into the blood of dogs and cats via the bites of infected mosquitoes. A article published by Pfizer in Veterinary Parasitology studied the prevention of heartworm infestations with Selamectin over 6 different studies using dogs and cats.
Some animals were even shampooed between 2 and 96 hours after treatment with revolution for pets cats that were bathed were bathed at 24 hours after dosing. Revolution will not kill adult heartworms very well so it is not really effective in the treatment of heartworm disease and nor will it kill the offspring of those adult worms called first stage larvae or microfilariae which circulate in the blood of infected animals waiting for mosquitoes to come along and take them up.
In order to prevent heartworm, Revolution for pets must be given monthly, year-round. You can possibly miss a dose here and there and the Revolution will still be able to kill the L3 larvae which take many months to mature into adults and thereby prevent heartworm disease, but it is not recommended you certainly do not want a miss a dose by over 2 months.
For this same reason, it is recommended that puppies and kittens in heartworm endemic areas be started on heartworm prevention e. Revolution flea control within 2 months of being born e. It is always advised that an animal be tested for heartworm infection prior to starting it on Revolution flea control for the first time.
This is for two reasons. The first is safety. There is concern that an adult worm or its microfilariae may die after treatment, resulting in a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction or pulmonary thrombosis.
It should be noted, however, that because selamectin is not too effective against adult heartworms or their microfiliariae, the risks of this are very low, though still possible Revolution for pets has been tested on heartworm positive dogs and cats and those studies showed that it was safe to give to such animals.
Also, knowing that an animal does or does not have heartworm before a preventative product is given is useful in confirming that the preventative product still works. Testing such animals 3—4 months after initiation of Revolution would be necessary to confirm their negative heartworm status.
Cats already infected with adult heartworms can be given Revolution monthly to prevent further infections. For the treatment of ear mite O. A second monthly dose may be required in some dogs. Monthly use of Revolution will control any subsequent ear mite infestations. In the clinical field trials ears were not cleaned, and many animals still had debris in their ears after the second dose.
Cleansing of the infested ears is recommended to remove the debris. For the treatment of sarcoptic mange S. Monthly use of Revolution will control any subsequent sarcoptic mange mite infestations.
Because of the difficulty in finding sarcoptic mange mites on skin scrapings, effectiveness assessments also were based on resolution of clinical signs.
For the control of tick Dermacentor variabilis infestations in dogs, Revolution should be administered on a monthly basis. In heavy tick infestations, complete efficacy may not be achieved after the first dose. In these cases, one additional dose may be administered two weeks after the previous dose, with monthly dosing continued thereafter.
For the treatment and control of intestinal hookworm A. Revolution has been tested safe in over different pure and mixed breeds of healthy dogs and over 15 different pure and mixed breeds of healthy cats, including pregnant and lactating females, breeding males and females, puppies six weeks of age and older, kittens eight weeks of age and older, and avermectin-sensitive collies.
A kitten, estimated to be 5—6 weeks old 0. The kitten displayed clinical signs which included muscle spasms, salivation and neurological signs. In safety studies, Revolution was administered at 1, 3, 5, and 10 times the recommended dose to six-week-old puppies, and no adverse reactions were observed. The safety of Revolution administered orally also was tested in case of accidental oral ingestion.
Oral administration of Revolution at the recommended topical dose in 5- to 8-month-old beagles did not cause any adverse reactions. In a pre-clinical study selamectin was dosed orally to ivermectin-sensitive collies. Oral administration of 2. In a topical safety study conducted with avermectin-sensitive collies at 1, 3 and 5 times the recommended dose of Revolution, salivation was observed in all treatment groups, including the vehicle control.
Revolution also was administered at 3 times the recommended dose to heartworm infected dogs, and no adverse effects were observed. In safety studies, Revolution was applied at 1, 3, 5, and 10 times the recommended dose to six-week-old kittens. No adverse reactions were observed. Oral administration of the recommended topical dose of Revolution to cats caused salivation and intermittent vomiting.
Revolution also was applied at 4 times the recommended dose to patent heartworm infected cats, and no adverse reactions were observed. In well-controlled clinical studies, Revolution was used safely in animals receiving other frequently used veterinary products such as vaccines, anthelmintics, antiparasitics, antibiotics, steroids, collars, shampoos and dips. Revolution for puppies and kittens is available in cartons containing 3 single dose tubes.
Revolution for cats and dogs is available in cartons containing 3 or 6 single dose tubes. This summary contains important information about Revolution. You should read this information before you start using Revolution on your dog or cat and review it each time your prescription is refilled.
This sheet is provided only as a summary and does not take the place of instructions from your veterinarian. Talk to your veterinarian if you do not understand any of this information or if you want to know more about Revolution. Revolution is a topical parasiticide that is applied to the skin of dogs six weeks of age and older and cats eight weeks of age and older to kill adult fleas and prevent flea eggs from hatching, prevent heartworm disease and protect your pet against other parasites see below.
What should I discuss with my veterinarian before Revolution is prescribed? Your veterinarian is best suited to discuss and recommend appropriate medications for your dog or cat. Revolution should not be used in sick, debilitated or underweight animals. Dogs should be tested for heartworm disease prior to giving Revolution. If your dog tests positive for adult heartworms, your veterinarian can recommend appropriate treatment.
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