He later said that if he had understood electricity at all, he would have been too discouraged to invent the telephone. Everyone else "knew" it was impossible to send voice signals over a wire. While trying to perfect a method for carrying multiple messages on a single wire, he heard the sound of a plucked spring along 60 feet of wire in a Boston electrical shop. Thomas A. Watson, one of Bell's assistants, was trying to reactivate a telegraph transmitter. Hearing the sound, Bell believed that he could solve the problem of sending a human voice over a wire.
He figured out how to transmit a simple current first, and received a patent for that invention on March 7, Five days later, he transmitted actual speech. Sitting in one room, he spoke into the phone to his assistant in another room, saying the now famous words: "Mr.
Watson, come here. I need you. These early experiments in speech creation, along with his knowledge of anatomy, informed his own experiments on transmitting speech, which he began in earnest from Retrieved from the Library of Congress.
This type of dismantleable model was used to teach anatomy students the complexities of human vocal physiognomy. You can see the model in the Communicate gallery at the National Museum of Scotland. He was working on the holy grail of the day: sending multiple telegraph messages over the same wire. He aimed to make electro-mechanical devices capable of transmitting and receiving different tones for each message. Through study and experimentation, Bell hypothesised that if sound waves could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, that current could then be reconverted into sound waves identical to the original at the other end of the circuit.
He was supported financially in this work by Gardiner Hubbard, a wealthy lawyer and politician, whose deaf daughter, Mabel, had been taught to lip-read and speak by Bell. Bell fell in love with Mabel. To speed matters along, he also funded an assistant, Thomas Watson. On that very same day a few hours later — or was it actually a few hours earlier? Bell was granted the patent on 7 March Just three days later, on 10 March , his first intelligible telephone communication was made.
Bell was in his laboratory with this latest experimental version of a telephone transmitter. Two days later, Bell described what happened in his laboratory notebook:. Bell and Mabel married two days later. Bell travelled the country promoting his invention, even demonstrating the device to Queen Victoria, who was so amused she asked to keep the temporary installation in place. The first telephones — called box telephones because of their shape — went on sale later that year.
It was on this type of device that Alexander Graham Bell first transmitted sounds, though still not recognisable speech, in the summer of Made in Britain, Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated this type of phone when he visited Britain in Over the next 18 years, the Bell Company faced over court challenges, including several that went to the Supreme Court , but none were successful.
Even during the patent battles, the company grew. Between and , over , people in the United States owned telephones. Improvements were made on the device including the addition of a microphone, invented by Thomas Edison , which eliminated the need to shout into the telephone to be heard.
Throughout his life, Bell continued his family's work with the deaf, establishing the American Association to Promote Teaching of Speech to the Deaf in Eight years later, Bell assumed the presidency of a small, little-known U. Bell is also one of the founders of Science magazine.
Shortly after his death, the entire telephone system was shut down for one minute in tribute to his genius. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
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Billy Graham was an evangelist at revival meetings, and on radio and television for over 40 years. Scottish engineer John Logie Baird made the first mechanical television, which was able to transmit pictures of objects in motion. He also demonstrated color television in
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